Benign is to inactivate as malignant is to a) shrinking b) active c) dormant d) cancerous

According to the theory of punctuated equilibrium, at what rate does speciation occur? species change depending on the rate of natural selection. after periods of stasis, new species evolve relatively rapidly. species change slowly and eventually form new species. some species change quickly and others change slowly to balance the overall rate.

How does the nervous system affect the excretory system?

Is there any species that went extinct in recent years due to natural causes (not caused by human interaction). if so, what caused it?