The process by which unspecialized cells become specialized cells is called

The process by which unspecialized cells become specialized cells is called differentiation or cellular differentiation.

Explanation:

The stem cells or the pluripotent cells are capable of giving rise to all cells present in the body of an organism. In the embryonic life, the stem cells are divided further into different cells. These cells are initially unspecialized, later, they become specialized to form a specific cell or tissue, this specialization of the cell is referred as differentiation or cellular differentiation.

prophase: we can observe the chromosomes to coil up and condense. they become visible. nuclear membrane and envelope disintigrate.s

metaphase: chromosomes align at the center, the metaphase plate. spindle fibers attach to centromeres of the sister chromatids. they meet at kinetochores.

anaphase: sister chromatids are pulled towards each opposing centromere, set on different poles.

telophase: chromosomes are now clustered up only on either sides of the cell. nuclear membranes reform, and a new cell wall forms along the cell plate. this will lead to cytokinesis, the process that divides the cell membrane and forms the cell wall.