How the structure of the root hair cells, xylem and phloem are adapted to their function?

plants absorb water from the soil by osmosis. root hair cells are adapted for this by having a large surface area to speed up osmosis. the absorbed water is transported through the roots to the rest of the plant where it is used for different purposes: it transports dissolved minerals around the plant.

the sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including dna and rna. this backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule.