What caused natural selection among peppered moths of manchester england?

The natural selection among peppered moths of Manchester, England can be mainly attributed to to the abruptly increasing levels of Air Pollution in England as a result of thriving Industrial Revolution In the U.K.

Soot from power producing factories, etc resulted in complete eradication of lichens in the flora of the surrounding region.

The frequency of the newly evolved peppered moth increased as the dark colour was beneficial in a polluted environment like in Manchester.

C. gemstones they are the only non metallic mineral from the list.