Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecological complain in young women. the first line drug treatment for this disorder is:

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs or NSAIDs are the first line of drug treatment for this disorder.

Dysmenorrhea is also known as the painful periods or menstrual cramps is the pain during menstruation. It usually occurs around the inception of the menstrual period and it usually lasts for less than three days. The pain is usually in the lower pelvic area or the abdomen. To relieve mild menstrual cramps you may take aspirin or acetaminophen. But newer medication has been established and instead of the aforementioned, non steroidal inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs are the best established initial therapy for dysmenorrhea. This medication have a direct analgesic effect through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and they decrease the menstrual flow volume.

both anaerobic and aerobic respiration use glucose (or other carbohydrates), proteins and lipids to produce atp and nadh. cell uses those energy molecules, obtained from food and   breaks them down during the chemical reactions of respiration. in anaerobic respiration, nadh is regenerated to nad+ by enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (lactate is produced, e.g. in muscle cells) or by alcohol dehydrogenase where ethanol is produced (alcohol fermentation), while in aerobic respiration, electrons from nadh are deposited in the mitochondria to regenerate nad+ (electron transport chain. anaerobic respiration produces 2 atp per molecule of glucose compared to aerobic respiration where about 38 atp molecules are produced.