Which of the following would most likely be a cause of primary succession

Something that would leave no life or soil in an ecosystem. Like
Volcanic eruptions
Retreat of glaciers
Flooding accompanied by severe soil erosion
Landslides
Nuclear explosions
Oil spills
Abandonment of a manmade structure, such as a paved parking lot

Six amino acids have side chains that are polar but not charged. these are serine (ser), threonine (thr), cysteine (cys), asparagine (asn), glutamine (gln), and tyrosine (tyr). these amino acids are usually found at the surface of proteins, as discussed in the proteins 2 module.

Spherical shaped cell might increase the surface area and decrease the volume.