The crispr system involves the cas9 enzyme, which identifies specific nucleotides to be cut using a(n) molecule as a guide to identify the proper dna sequence to edit. quiz

RNA

Explanation:

CRISPR system was discovered by a Japanese scientist. Naturally bacteria and many other prokaryotes have CRISPR system in their genome which they use as a self defense against a pathogen which is invading them. It consists of inter spaced, short palindromic nucleotide repeats which encode a guide RNA (gRNA). This guide RNA (gRNA) recognizes the target sequence on the pathogen. The gRNA is followed by Cas9 enzyme which along with the gRNA plays a very important role in breaking genome of the pathogen. Once the target gene is cut down the rest of the DNA can be rejoined by non homologous end joining.

But nowadays, scientists are using this system for genome editing and incorporating desired gene between the two ends which are cut down by CRISPR Cas9 system.

The CRISPR system involves the cas9 enzyme, which identifies specific nucleotides to be cut using RNA molecule as a guide to identify the proper DNA sequence to edit.

Further Explanation:

CRISPR methodology is a very powerful as well as simple technique that helps in editing genomes. It allows scientist or researchers to modify the sequences of the DNA and alter the function of a gene. CRISPR system was discovered by a Japanese scientist. Mainly bacteria and other prokaryotes have CRISPR machinery in their genome.

Scientist makes a very small section of RNA with short sequence that mainly attach to a particular sequence of a DNA in the genome. RNA sequence attaché to the enzyme called Cas9. In CRISPR machinery, Cas9 is a protein act as a molecular scissors, and capable of cutting the strands of DNA. In bacteria, the changed RNA is widely used to identify the sequence of the DNA and then Cas9 enzyme cuts the DNA at a particular location.

Learn more:

1. Learn more about RNA base-pairing

2. Learn more about mutation

3. Learn more about DNA replication

Answer Details:

Grade: High School  

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Genetics

Keywords:  

CRISPER, system, RNA, DNA, Cas9, enzyme, protein, methodology, small, powerful, simple, sequence, bacteria, prokaryotes, Japanese scientist, researchers.