In order for new species to develop, there must be a change in the

A species is a group of individual organisms which interbreed and produce fertile, viable offspring. It means one species is different from another if they are unable to mate between individuals from each species to produce fertile offspring.  

When a group of individuals is separated from the rest of their species for a long time, the individuals can evolve different traits. The longer the group is isolated from the rest of the species, the more likely it will evolve into a new species.  

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the solute can move "downhill," from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. this process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion, and does not require energy.