In the cell membrane model shown above, the molecules which move large molecules into and out of the cell are known as

The molecules which move large molecules into and out of the cell are known as membrane transport proteins-transporters.
Their function is to move all the molecules that are not capable to pass via passive diffusion. So, transporters are involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, or macromolecules, such as another protein, across a membrane. Transporters are integral transmembrane proteins and can be categorized as channels or carriers. These proteins assist in the movement of molecules by facilitated diffusion or active transport.

Mutations are changes in the dna