During the renaissance, artists like masaccio and giotto began to create human forms and landscapes that were based on direct observation, not formulas. this is called a. heliocentrism. b. rationalism. c. naturalism. d. hellenism.

i would say the answer is b. zigzag lines of the leaves. i believe this is the answer because zigzag lines go in different direction while the other options like: the vertical lines of the trees, the dotted lines on the road, and the curved lines of the park benches go in one direction.

franz marc (d) was an artist during the expressionist movement.