What inspired artists to paint in the neoclassical style? A. The rebirth of the Renaissance
B. The renewed interest in Mesopotamia
C. The revival of medieval architecture
D. The archaeological discovery of the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum

D

Explanation:  "France. Neoclassical art rose in popularity in mid-18th-century Europe, where the style drew heavily from both the Renaissance and classical Greek and Roman art, architecture, and culture." - https://www.invaluable.com/blog/neoclassical-art/

i'm not sure i completely understand your question, but i will do my best.

i think the answer you are looking for is sequence. (see below)

a repeated melodic fragment would be best defined as repetition, while repeated chords (different or the same) could be a chord progression. however, you then mentioned the chord and melodic fragment beginning on higher or lower pitches, in that case, the answer could be best defined as a sequence. the definition of a sequence is as follows: "the restatement of a motif or longer melodic (or harmonic) passage at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice."

let me know if this !