What social changes was mannerism a response to?

Mannerism is a style in art that emerged in Europe in the late years of the Italian High Renaissance beginning on 1520 until 1580. These arts were in response of use to comment on social behavior and also to encourage the conveying of refined virtuoso quality or to signify a certain technique in doing arts. 

1)harmony-a2)balance-e3)asymmetrical balance-b4)abstract-c5)approximate symmetry-d