What illusion are artists attempting to create when shading an object on a sheet of paper? a)optical illusion b) 3D depth c) photo realism d) design theory

Criminology combines the theories and insights of a number of different disciplines as well as adding its own insight about crime and criminals. do you think this interdisciplinary approach is positive or negative for understanding crime? what benefits or disadvantages might it have for the field? what other discipline do you think has the most to offer for the understanding of crime and criminals?