Why do the complex characters in shakespeare's plays appeal to a wide audience?

a) because the characters are based on european myths and legends
b) because the characters represent the best qualities of human nature
c) because the characters are flawed and larger than life
d) because the characters act predictably to bring out a happy ending

i'm not sure i completely understand your question, but i will do my best.

i think the answer you are looking for is sequence. (see below)

a repeated melodic fragment would be best defined as repetition, while repeated chords (different or the same) could be a chord progression. however, you then mentioned the chord and melodic fragment beginning on higher or lower pitches, in that case, the answer could be best defined as a sequence. the definition of a sequence is as follows: "the restatement of a motif or longer melodic (or harmonic) passage at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice."

let me know if this !