The baroque style of a single vocal line with simple instrumental accompaniment is known as
a) counterpoint
b) monody
c) polyphony
d) organum

D organum because organum is and has always been used for baroque style.

earliest

neumes above text

neumes

colored lines

neumes

4-line staff

f, c, or g clef

notes on 5-line staff with clef

mensuration (longas and breves)

time signature (perfect or half circle)

most recent

notes on 5-line staff

modern clefs

modern note values (whole, half, quarter, and so on)

modern time signature

italian words and abbreviations for dynamics and tempo

staccato, slurs, and so on