Shapes that are not meant to refer to anything we can see in the real world are said to be
a. nonrepresentational
b. organic
c. three-dimensional
d. geometric

c, d, e, f, g, a, b, and c.

sometimes western music will also use solfege. the names of these are do ra me fa sol la si (or ti) and do.

to indicate a note a half step higher or lower then the original note, you would say c # (for a half a step above c) or bb (for half a step below b)