Sam offered a treat to her son if he would behave while they shopped for groceries. this treat would most likely be considered a(n) by psychologists.

The treat would most likely be considered as an incentive. Incentives are external motivators. They are used to motivate a change in behavior by means of giving the subject something in return for the change. It can also be used as a means to motivate someone to do something. 

Iwould suggest the myers-briggs type indicator because the railroad unions are looking for which are focused introverts. the mbti was designed to provide a lot of information about what a person likes and what their personality based on the four-dimension scale. also for an employer it has been extremely to predict how an employee would act in a professional setting. this is what the railroad unions are looking for. they want the railroad workers to be focused and skillful to ensure the safety of everyone around them. but the other assessments don't match the criteria for the unions. like the measure disorder, emotions and self-esteem while the rorschach and tat tests are both projective tests that mainly measure someone’s personality. also, because this job is not easy, it is vital to make sure the employers are hiring the right people for the job.

Based off the appearance of the peppered moth, its markings would not be advantageous in a lush green ecosystem . this could cause their population to decrease as the camouflage factor would be somewhat useless and make them much more vulnerable to predators .hope this : )