Which of the following best describes the impact of colonization and resulting African independence movements in the second half of the 20th century? Nations such as Ghana, which declared its independence from Britain in a bloody war, typified the colonial independence movements of the 1960s.

Western interference disappeared with the independence of colonies like the Democratic Republic of Congo, where the rise of anti-communist dictators brought relative stability.

Nations such as Egypt eschewed movements such as the Non-Aligned Movement and Pan-Africanism, favoring instead close colonial ties with Europe.

Nations such as South Africa and Ethiopia stepped into the power vacuum left by the departure of Western colonial powers and annexed neighboring territories.