"The Hindus believe that there is no country but theirs, no nation like theirs, no kings like theirs, no religion like theirs, no science like theirs. They are haughty, foolishly vain, self-conceited, and stolid" Which part of India's history most directly supports al-Beruni's claim about how the Hindu culture he observed differed from earlier culture in India?

a) The decreasing importance of the caste system
b) The policies on religion of Ashoka
c) The development of the Bhakti movement
d) The raids by Mahmud of Ghazni