THIS IS FOR SCIENCE how can being capable of both asexual and sexual reproduction be an advantage

An organism has many benefits for having the ability to reproduce both sexually and asexually. The first of these benefits is that it doesn't have to find a mate in order to reproduce, so it can create offspring by itself, and enable the continuation of its' species.

Explanation:

Organisms that reproduce sexually mix their genetics with other individuals, meaning no two individuals are the exact same, genetically. This is beneficial because it decreases the likelihood an entire population will be wiped out by one threat, such as a disease, because many individuals will not be susceptible to the threat.

Organisms that reproduce asexually are able to do so at a much more rapid rate. In bacteria, they asexually reproduce by the thousands in hours because they do not have to rely on the complexities of sexual reproduction.

the answer to the question is punishment. or more specifically, positive punishment.

positive punishment occurs when a behavior is given a negative consequence for the individual doing the behavior.

sara no longer wants to ask questions (the behavior) because she is ridiculed by mr. smith (the punishment).

reinforcement is inaccurate because reinforcement always gives positive consequences for the individual doing the behavior, be it by introducing a pleasant consequence or removing an unpleasant one.

the correct answer is moro reflex. this is usually witnessed in infants normally up to the age of 4-5 months (in some cases maybe more)  

it is caused by a sudden loss of support that makes the baby feel as if he or she is falling or is going to fall and hence the flinging of the arms and crying.