What are some common acids and bases? What is an ion?
What ions are produced from acids and from bases?
List at least four characteristics of acids.
List at least four characteristics of bases.
How is salt created?
Give examples of how salts are used.
List at least four characteristics of salts.
What is the purpose of the pH value?

1. Acetic acid (CH3COOH): vinegar, acetate.

Acetylsalicylic acid (HOOCC6H4OOCCH3): aspirin.

Ascorbic acid (H2C6H6O6): vitamin C.

Carbonic acid (H2CO3): soft drinks, seltzer water.

Citric acid (C6H8O7): citrus fruits, artificial flavorings.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl): stomach acid.

2. an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

3. In the chemistry, acids and bases have been defined differently by three sets of theories. One is the Arrhenius definition, which revolves around the idea that acids are substances that ionize (break off) in an aqueous solution to produce hydrogen (H+) ions while bases produce hydroxide (OH-) ions in solution.

4. pH < 7.

Sour taste (though you should never use this characteristic to identify an acid in the lab)

Reacts with a metal to form hydrogen gas.

Increases the H+ concentration in water.

Donates H+ ions.

Turns blue litmus indicator red.

5. Bitter taste (opposed to sour taste of acids)

Slimy, or soapy feel on fingers (Slippery)

Many bases react with acids and precipitate salts.

Strong bases may react violently with acids. ...

Bases turn red litmus paper blue.

Bases are substances that contain metal oxides or hydroxides.

6. The salt comes from weathering and volcanic activity. The ocean formed very early on in Earth history, as soon as water comes into contact with rock then weathering processes start – these leach (dissolve) the soluble elements preferentially out of the rock (sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium etc).

7. Magnesium Sulfate, It is the product of the chemical reaction between magnesium hydroxide and sulfuric acid. In natural medicine, Epsom salts can be used as a laxative. A solution of the salts is used in many homes as a soak for foot aches, bruises and sprains. Some people enjoy using the chemical in their bath water.

8. Salt is white, odorless and it has a salty taste.

All potassium (K), ammonium (NH4+) and sodium (Na) salts are soluble in water (H2O).

Nitrites, nitrates, and bicarbonates can be dissolved in water.

All metallic oxides, metallic carbonates, hydroxides, phosphates, and sulphides are insoluble in water.

9. pH is really a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water. Water that has more free hydrogen ions is acidic, whereas water that has more free hydroxyl ions is basic. Since pH can be affected by chemicals in the water, pH is an important indicator of water that is changing chemically.

Hope this helps!

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