Without notice, investment spending dramatically rises in the United States. a) Using a correctly drawn AD/AS graph, explain the short-run impact of this sudden increase in investment spending on each of the following for the United States.

Output
Price Level
b) Explain how the resultant change represented by the AD/AS graph will affect the credit market (borrowers, savers, and lenders). Are they helped or hurt?

the answer to the question is punishment. or more specifically, positive punishment.

positive punishment occurs when a behavior is given a negative consequence for the individual doing the behavior.

sara no longer wants to ask questions (the behavior) because she is ridiculed by mr. smith (the punishment).

reinforcement is inaccurate because reinforcement always gives positive consequences for the individual doing the behavior, be it by introducing a pleasant consequence or removing an unpleasant one.