How do scientists gather information to make maps?

Scientists who make maps are called cartographers. Cartographers use data from a variety of sources, such as from field surveys and remote sensing.

They are known as cartographers. They use many different things to gather their info

First of all you would die.   do not try this at home but back to the question.   there are six parts of the sun.   from the outside to the inside: corona, chromoshpere, photosphere, convective zone, radiative zone, and the core.   then use the dictionary or reliable sources such as wikipedia to find out what they do.   good luck.

Yes you can it varies per college